AC Ripple and Power Factor
AC Ripple and Noise on the DC Outputs

The amount of AC ripple and noise present on the DC outputs was checked using an oscilloscope.  This AC component may be present in the KHz range where most switching power supplies operate or it may be more prevalent at the 60 Hz line frequency.  I adjusted the O-scope time base to look for AC ripple at both low and high frequencies. 

The new ATX12V V2.2 specification for DC output noise/ripple is defined in the ATX12V Power Supply Design Guide.

BFG Tech ES-800 Power Supply Review - Frequency Conversion - Cases and Cooling 36

Ideally we would like to see no AC ripple (repetitive) or noise (random) on the DC outputs – the cleaner the better!  But in reality there will always be some present.  I measured the amplitude of the AC signal (in millivolts, peak-to-peak) to see how well the power supply complied with the ATX standard.  The following table lists the ripple/noise results during all of the load tests for the main output voltages of interest.

BFG Tech ES-800 Power Supply Review - Frequency Conversion - Cases and Cooling 37

The BFG ES-800 power supply exhibited excellent AC ripple suppression on the +12V outputs but struggled a bit to keep some of the other outputs clean at high output power levels.  The +5V rail stayed fairly well behaved but the +3.3V output was at the upper limit of the spec when the PSU was fully loaded.  And the +5VSB output actually went high out of spec at the higher loads. 

When I asked BFG Tech about this they said “the high ripple/noise is a side effect of the frequency conversion used to maintain the better efficiency and no minimum load requirement features of the unit”.  While not a show stopper, the elevated levels of AC ripple/noise do give cause for concern.  However, for most users who operate the ES-800 below 600W combined DC output, this won’t be an issue.

Power Factor (PF)

Power factor is defined as the ratio of true power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in Volt Amps).  It measures how effectively AC power is being used by a device.  The difference between true power and apparent power is expressed as the power factor and results from the way true power and apparent power are measured.  Ideally we would like to have true power and apparent power equal to one another, which would result in a PF of 1.00 or 100% effective power utilization.

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AC Volts x AC Amps = VA (Volt Amp)

Purely Resistive AC Load: VA = Watts (same as DC circuits)
Inductive/Reactive AC Load: VA x PF = Watts

AC Volts x AC Amps x PF = Watts

I measured the AC Power Factor with an Extech power analyzer at both 115 VAC and 240 VAC input voltages.  The BFG ES-800 power supply uses Active PFC circuits so as expected; the majority of readings were close to 1.0. 

BFG Tech ES-800 Power Supply Review - Frequency Conversion - Cases and Cooling 39

Note: A power supply with active PFC is more environmentally friendly (doesn’t pollute the AC transmission grid with harmonics) and will draw less current, but it will not save you money on your monthly electric bill unless you are a commercial user whose bill is based on PF and usage. 


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